{"id":14494,"date":"2024-03-20T02:12:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-19T18:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/?p=14494"},"modified":"2024-07-31T14:12:36","modified_gmt":"2024-07-31T06:12:36","slug":"%e8%bf%88%e5%85%8b%c2%b7%e9%98%bf%e9%87%8c%e6%96%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/?p=14494","title":{"rendered":"\u8fc8\u514b\u00b7\u963f\u91cc\u65af"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u8fc8\u514b\u00b7\u963f\u91cc\u65af\uff0c\u82f1\u6587Michael Aris\uff0c\u5168\u540d\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u74e6\u5c14\u5170\u79d1\u7279\u00b7\u963f\u91cc\u65af\uff0c\u82f1\u6587Michael Vaillancourt Aris\uff0c1946\u5e74~1999\u5e74\uff08\u751f\u5352\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u85cf\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u4e0d\u4e39\u95ee\u9898\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u62c5\u4efb\u4e0d\u4e39\u738b\u5ba4\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u6db5\u76d6\u4e0d\u4e39\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u85cf\u53ca\u559c\u9a6c\u62c9\u96c5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002\u4ed6\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u85cf\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4e0d\u4e39\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u7f05\u7538\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u6602\u5c71\u7d20\u5b63\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1946\u5e743\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u53e4\u5df4\u54c8\u74e6\u90a3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u963f\u91cc\u65af\uff08John Aris\uff09\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4e54\u585e\u7279\uff08Josette\uff09\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9a7b\u53e4\u5df4\u5927\u4f7f\u57c3\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u74e6\u626c\u53e4\uff08Emile Vaillancourt\uff09\u7684\u5973\u513f\u3002\u8fc8\u514b\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u80de\u80ce\u5144\u5f1f\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u00b7\u963f\u91cc\u65af\uff08Anthony Aris\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u85cf\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u897f\u57df\u56fe\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff08Serindia Books\uff09\u7684\u793e\u957f\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bfb\u8005\u4f20\u64ad\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u25b2\u8fc8\u514b\u7684\u53cc\u80de\u80ce\u5144\u5f1f\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u00b7\u963f\u91cc\u65af\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u8fc8\u514b\u4e0e\u53cc\u80de\u80ce\u5144\u5f1f\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u4e00\u8d77\u5728\u8428\u585e\u514b\u65af\u90e1\u7684\u6c83\u65af\u5b66\u6821\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u8fdb\u5165\u675c\u4f26\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4e60\u73b0\u4ee3\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1964\u5e74\uff0c\u6602\u5c71\u7d20\u5b63\u8fdb\u5165\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u4f11\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u6bb5\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5f17\uff08Christopher\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u6602\u5c71\u3002\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u5f17\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u6208\u5c14\u00b7\u5e03\u65af\u7235\u58eb\uff08Sir Paul Gore Booth\uff09\u662f\u6602\u5c71\u7684\u76d1\u62a4\u4eba\uff0c\u66fe\u62c5\u4efb\u9a7b\u7f05\u7538\u7684\u524d\u5927\u4f7f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1967\u5e74~1973\u5e74\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u62c5\u4efb\u4e86\u4e0d\u4e39\u738b\u5ba4\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e0d\u4e39\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u7981\u5730\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60\u5b97\u5580\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u4e39\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4e39\u653f\u5e9c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u6602\u5c71\u7684\u53cb\u8c0a\u5374\u59cb\u7ec8\u5982\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u4e66\u4fe1\u6765\u4ea4\u6d41\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u25b2\u8fc8\u514b\u4e0e\u4e0d\u4e39\u7b2c4\u4ee3\u738b\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u62d3\u5c55\u5230\u85cf\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u8d1d\u739b\u6797\u5df4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u85cf\u5b66\u4f1a\uff08International Association for Tibetan Studies\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3aIATS\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65e8\u5728\u4ece\u5404\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4fc3\u8fdb\u85cf\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u85cf\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8ba8\u8bba\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6b22\u8fce\u77e5\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u6709\u62b1\u8d1f\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5c55\u793a\u539f\u521b\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\u4ee5\u540e\uff0cIATS\u4f1a\u8bae\u89c4\u6a21\u5448\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1972\u5e74\u5143\u65e6\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u4e0e\u6602\u5c71\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u6208\u5c14\u00b7\u5e03\u65af\uff08Gore-Booths\uff09\u7684\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u4f5b\u6559\u4eea\u5f0f\u5a5a\u793c\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u4e39\u5c45\u4f4f\u4e861\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\u725b\u6d25\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u8bc6\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u7f05\u7538\u4eba\u6c11\u9700\u8981\u5979\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5206\u5f00\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1973\u5e74\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u7684\u957f\u5b50\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u963f\u91cc\u65af\uff08Alexander Aris\uff09\u51fa\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u5e26\u9886\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u63a2\u9669\u961f\u524d\u5f80\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5e93\u5510\uff08Kutang\uff09\u548c\u52aa\u5e03\u91cc\uff08Nubri\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1976\u5e74\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u8fdb\u5165\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u5723\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u62c5\u4efb\u521d\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1977\u5e74\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u7684\u6b21\u5b50\u91d1\u00b7\u963f\u91cc\u65af\uff08Kim Aris\uff09\u51fa\u751f\u3002\u8fc8\u514b\u4e00\u5bb6\u66fe\u5728\u559c\u9a6c\u62c9\u96c5\u5730\u533a\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u4e39\u3001\u5c3c\u6cca\u5c14\u3001\u62c9\u8fbe\u514b\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u85cf\u5357\u7b49\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1978\u5e74\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66\u4e9a\u975e\u5b66\u9662\uff08SOAS\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u897f\u85cf\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u5b66\u9662\u62c5\u4efb\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002\u800c\u6602\u5c71\u4e5f\u5728\u4e9a\u975e\u5b66\u9662\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1979\u5e74\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u56de\u5230\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u5723\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u64b0\u5199\u5927\u91cf\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u300aBhutan: The Early History of a Himalayan Kingdom\u300b\u3001\u300aViews of Medieval Bhutan: The Diary And Drawings Of Samuel Davis\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a1783 and Sources For The History Of Bhutan\u300b\u7b49\u3002\u8fc8\u514b\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u662f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u624d\u80fd\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u654f\u611f\u6027\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u4ee5\u5e73\u548c\u3001\u4e0d\u5e26\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u7fa4\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u4e3b\u6301\u4e86\u7b2c2\u5c4a\u56fd\u9645\u85cf\u5b66\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee5\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4ed6\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u9ece\u5409\u751f\uff08Hugh Richardson\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u59bb\u5b50\u6602\u5c71\u5171\u540c\u7f16\u8f91\u4e86\u9ece\u5409\u751f\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u85cf\u5b66\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u6e29\u548c\u800c\u8c26\u900a\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u4e0e\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5907\u53d7\u5c0a\u656c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1985\u5e74~1987\u5e74\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u62c5\u4efb\u4e86\u4f4d\u4e8e\u897f\u59c6\u62c9\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u9ad8\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1988\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u6602\u5c71\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u901a\u6765\u81ea\u7f05\u7538\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7535\u8bdd\u4e5f\u5f7b\u5e95\u98a0\u8986\u4e86\u8fc8\u514b\u5e73\u9759\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u6302\u65ad\u7535\u8bdd\u540e\uff0c\u6602\u5c71\u5306\u5306\u544a\u522b\u4e08\u592b\u548c2\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\u7f05\u7538\u4ef0\u5149\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u6602\u5c71\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4ef0\u5149\u533b\u9662\u7167\u987e\u56e0\u4e2d\u98ce\u800c\u75c5\u5371\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u5979\u88ab\u5377\u5165\u4e86\u63a8\u7ffb\u7f05\u7538\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\u5948\u6e29\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u5e748\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u4ece\u6602\u5c71\u7b2c1\u6b21\u5728\u4ef0\u5149\u5927\u91d1\u5bfa\u516c\u5f00\u541150\u4e07\u6c11\u4f17\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bb2\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u8d77\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u5c31\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u56de\u5934\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7531\u4e8e\u6602\u5c71\u62d2\u7edd\u79bb\u5f00\u7f05\u7538\uff0c\u62c5\u5fc3\u79bb\u5f00\u540e\u96be\u4ee5\u518d\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e5\u5e38\u7167\u65992\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u8f6c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u8fc8\u514b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u81ea\u613f\u627f\u62c5\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u65e9\u5df2\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u540e\u6765\u8fc8\u514b\u900f\u9732\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ed3\u5a5a\u524d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u6602\u5c71\u5728\u4e0d\u4e39\u5bc4\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684187\u5c01\u4fe1\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u9700\u8981\u6211\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u5c3d\u6211\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c81\u6708\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u62c5\u5fe7\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u538b\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u8fc8\u514b\u4ece\u672a\u62b1\u6028\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6602\u5c71\u7684\u652f\u6301\u53ca\u5bf9\u7f05\u7538\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u653e\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u627f\u8bfa\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u662f\u575a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1989\u5e74\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u53bb\u4e16\u3002\u7f05\u7538\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u6700\u521d\u5141\u8bb8\u8fc8\u514b\u83b7\u5f97\u7b7e\u8bc1\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6602\u5c71\u5728\u4ef0\u5149\u7684\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u5e747\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u6602\u5c71\u88ab\u8f6f\u7981\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u3002\u8fc8\u514b\u5728\u6602\u5c71\u7edd\u98df\u540e\u7684\u7b2c3\u5929\u62b5\u8fbe\u4ef0\u5149\u7684\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0e\u59bb\u5b50\u548c2\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\u4e00\u8d77\u88ab\u8f6f\u7981\u4e8622\u5929\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u65b0\u95fb\u6807\u9898\u662f\u201c\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u5931\u8e2a\u4e86\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1990~1992\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u91cc\u65af\u6210\u4e3a\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5ba2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u300aHidden Treasures And Secret Lives: A Study of Pema lingpa \u300b\u548c\u300aThe Raven Crown: The Origins Of Buddhist Monarchy In Bhutan\u300b\uff1b\u4ed6\u7f16\u8f91\u4e86\u300aLamas Princes And Brigands: Joseph Rock’s Photographs Of The Tibetan Borderlands Of China\u300b\u548c\u300aHigh Peaks Pure Earth\u300b\u3002\u8fc8\u514b\u548c\u4ed6\u76842\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5730\u652f\u6301\u7740\u6602\u5c71\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5979\u524d\u5f80\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u5404\u79cd\u5956\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Michael Aris, the husband of Aung San Suu Kyi, the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, stands with their two sons Alexander (L) and Kim (R) at the award ceremony in Oslo Town Hall in this December 10, 1991 file photo. Michael Aris an Oxford academic who has been denied a visa to Myanmar for the past three years, is dying of prostate cancer that has spread to his spine and lungs.\n\nAA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u7f05\u7538\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u7b7e\u53d1\u7b7e\u8bc1\uff0c\u76f4\u52301992\u5e745\u6708\u624d\u95f4\u6b47\u6027\u5730\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u52301995\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u25b2\u8fc8\u514b\u4e0e\u6602\u5c71\u7684\u6b21\u5b50\u91d1\u00b7\u963f\u91cc\u65af\u3002
Kim Aris devant le portrait de sa m\u00e8re peint par sa grand-m\u00e8re chez lui \u00e0 Londres le 16 octobre 2023<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1995\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u6602\u5c71\u88ab\u8f6f\u7981\u4e866\u5e74\u540e\u7ec8\u4e8e\u83b7\u91ca\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7f05\u7538\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5979\u79bb\u5f00\u4ef0\u5149\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u6f14\u8bb2\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u6301\u7eed\u5bf9\u5979\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fc8\u514b\u4e0e\u6602\u5c71\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4f461995\u5e74\u7684\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u548c\u65b0\u5e74\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u89c1\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u8fc8\u514b\u4ece\u672a\u8ffd\u6c42\u8fc7\u805a\u5149\u706f\u4e0b\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5076\u5c14\u4f20\u9012\u6602\u5c71\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u58f0\u660e\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u4e0d\u6d89\u8db3\u7f05\u7538\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u79c1\u4e0b\u91cc\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u8be2\u95ee\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u9f13\u52b1\u4eba\u4eec\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u6539\u9769\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece\u672a\u516c\u5f00\u56de\u5e94\u7f05\u7538\u5b98\u65b9\u5a92\u4f53\u9891\u7e41\u62a8\u51fb\u4ed6\u4e0e\u6602\u5c71\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\uff0c\u6602\u5c71\u88ab\u6307\u8d23\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5ac1\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u767d\u4eba\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u51fa\u8eab\u548c\u8840\u7edf\u201d\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u611f\u8c22\u7f05\u7538\u519b\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bbf\u95ee\u671f\u95f4\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u793c\u9047\u201d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9762\u4e34\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u5728\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u540e10\u5e74\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u671f\u95f4\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u5723\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u9662\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1991\u5e74\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300aFreedom From Fear\u300b\uff0c\u7531\u8fc8\u514b\u6839\u636e\u6602\u5c71\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u548c\u8457\u4f5c\u7f16\u8f91\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u4eb2\u81ea\u4e3a\u59bb\u5b50\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u5e8f\u8a00\u3002\u5728\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u6602\u5c71\u4f5c\u4e3a\u59bb\u5b50\u3001\u6bcd\u4eb2\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u6ce2\u6f9c\u58ee\u9614\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1997\u5e74\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u88ab\u8bca\u65ad\u60a3\u6709\u524d\u5217\u817a\u764c\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u5b89\u5357\u548c\u6559\u5b97\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u4fdd\u7f572\u4e16\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u7f05\u7538\u5f53\u5c40\u5141\u8bb8\u8fc8\u514b\u524d\u5f80\u7f05\u7538\u7684\u7b7e\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f46\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u7f05\u7538\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u58f0\u79f0\u7f05\u7538\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u533b\u7597\u8bbe\u65bd\u6765\u7167\u987e\u8fc8\u514b\uff0c\u5e76\u6566\u4fc3\u6602\u5c71\u5c3d\u5feb\u79bb\u5f00\u7f05\u7538\u53bb\u63a2\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6602\u5c71\u53ea\u662f\u88ab\u77ed\u6682\u8f6f\u7981\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u4e0d\u613f\u79bb\u5f00\u3002\u5979\u62c5\u5fc3\u4e00\u65e6\u79bb\u5f00\u524d\u5f80\u82f1\u56fd\u63a2\u671b\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u7f05\u7538\u3002\u5979\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u7f05\u7538\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u627f\u8bfa\u4e0e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6602\u5c71\u660e\u767d\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u5df1\u9009\u62e9\u7559\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4e08\u592b\u89c1\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u9762\u5bf9\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u7279\u6709\u7684\u5fcd\u8010\u548c\u52c7\u6c14\u3002\u4ed6\u79ef\u6781\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u6392\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5230\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ed6\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\uff0c\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u85cf\u5b66\u548c\u559c\u9a6c\u62c9\u96c5\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7b79\u6b3e\u5f00\u7aef\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7f05\u7538\u5f53\u5c40\u518d\u6b21\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u8fc8\u514b\u8bbf\u95ee\u6602\u5c71\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u7b7e\u8bc1\u7533\u8bf7\u3002\u8fc8\u514b\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0e\u6602\u5c71\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6602\u5c71\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u94c1\u677f\u9489\u9489\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5979\u6709\u751f\u4e4b\u5e74\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u79bb\u5f00\u7f05\u7538\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f05\u7538\u5f53\u5c40\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u523b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u62a4\u7167\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u5bf9\u6761\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u7591\u8651\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u6602\u5c71\u5fc5\u987b\u7559\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1999\u5e743\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u8fc8\u514b\u7684\u751f\u65e5\u5f53\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u53bb\u4e16\u3002\u81ea1989\u5e74\u6602\u5c71\u88ab\u8f6f\u7981\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u4e0e\u5979\u603b\u5171\u53ea\u89c1\u4e865\u6b21\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u89c1\u9762\u5c31\u662f\u57281995\u5e74\u7684\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8fc8\u514b\u00b7\u963f\u91cc\u65af\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u5fb7\u5229\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u79c1\u4eba\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u6177\u6168\u6350\u8d60\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u85cf\u5b66\u521d\u7ea7\u548c\u6b21\u7ea7\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5728\u300aFreedom From Fear\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fe9\u5bf9\u5a5a\u59fb\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u65e5\u6709\u591a\u4e48\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u9884\u89c1\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u88ab\u6050\u60e7\u6240\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u62c5\u5fc3\u73af\u5883\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8003\u8651\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u5e78\u798f\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u6495\u88c2\uff0c\u5206\u79bb\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6298\u78e8\u201d\u3002\u6602\u5c71\u5728\u5a5a\u524d\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u4ed6\u65f6\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u7684\u5f92\u52b3\u548c\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c3d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u53bb\u7231\u548c\u73cd\u60dc\u5f7c\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u7231\u548c\u540c\u60c5\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u6218\u80dc\u4e00\u5207\u201d\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u7ec8\u8eab\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u8865\u5145\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u547d\u8fd0\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ece\u4e0d\u6309\u7167\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd0\u8f6c\u3002\u65f6\u673a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7b49\u5f85\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e4b\u65f6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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