{"id":16784,"date":"2025-02-15T00:57:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-14T16:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/?p=16784"},"modified":"2025-03-17T15:07:11","modified_gmt":"2025-03-17T07:07:11","slug":"%e5%8c%97%e4%ba%ac%e6%9c%80%e5%a4%a7%e7%9a%84%e8%97%8f%e4%bc%a0%e5%af%ba%e9%99%a2-%e9%9b%8d%e5%92%8c%e5%ae%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/?p=16784","title":{"rendered":"\u5317\u4eac\u6700\u5927\u7684\u85cf\u4f20\u5bfa\u9662\u2014\u2014\u96cd\u548c\u5bab"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\uff0c\u85cf\u6587\u0f51\u0f42\u0f60\u0f0b\u0f63\u0fa1\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f56\u0fb1\u0f72\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f46\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f42\u0fb3\u0f72\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f0d\uff0c\u5a01\u5229\u8f6c\u5199dga’ ldan byin chags gling\uff0c\u82f1\u6587Yonghe Temple\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u548c\u5e73\u4e0e\u548c\u8c10\u4e4b\u5bab\u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u96cd\u548c\u5bfa\uff0c\u4fd7\u79f0\u5587\u561b\u5e99\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u4e1c\u57ce\u533a\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u5927\u885728\u53f7\uff0c\u662f\u5317\u4eac\u89c4\u6a21\u6700\u5927\u7684\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u5bfa\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bfa\u9662\u5357\u5317\u603b\u957f480\u7c73\uff0c\u5360\u57306.64\u4e07\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u5e03\u5c40\u5206\u4e3a\u4e1c\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u897f\u4e09\u8def\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u4e94\u8fdb\u9662\u843d\u3002\u5efa\u7b51\u878d\u5408\u6c49\u85cf\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u662f\u5185\u5730\u89c4\u6a21\u6700\u5927\u7684\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u5bfa\u9662\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6e05\u671d\u4e2d\u665a\u671f\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u66fe\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u89c4\u683c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u5bfa\u9662\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4f4f\u6301\u4e3a\u5587\u561b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u59cb\u5efa\u4e8e\u660e\u4ee3\uff0c\u539f\u4e3a\u660e\u4ee3\u592a\u76d1\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5b98\u623f\uff0c\u540e\u6539\u4e3a\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u7b2c\u56db\u5b50\u80e4\u799b\uff08\u5373\u96cd\u6b63\u5e1d\uff09\u7684\u5e9c\u90b8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5eb7\u719933\u5e74\uff081694\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u80e4\u799b\u5e74\u6ee116\u5468\u5c81\uff0c\u4f9d\u6e05\u671d\u7956\u5236\uff0c\u6210\u5e74\u7687\u5b50\u53ef\u5728\u5bab\u5916\u83b7\u8d50\u5e9c\u90b8\u3002\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u9042\u5c06\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce\u4e1c\u5317\u3001\u5b89\u5b9a\u95e8\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u5904\u623f\u4ea7\u7a0d\u4f5c\u4fee\u7f2e\uff0c\u8d50\u4e88\u80e4\u799b\uff0c\u8be5\u5904\u623f\u4ea7\u539f\u662f\u660e\u4ee3\u592a\u76d1\u7684\u5b98\u623f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5eb7\u719942\u5e74\uff081703\u5e74\uff095\u6708\uff0c\u80e4\u799b\u6b63\u5f0f\u8fc1\u5165\uff0c\u5e9c\u90b8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u56db\u7237\u5e9c\u201d\u3001\u201c\u799b\u8d1d\u52d2\u5e9c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5eb7\u719948\u5e74\uff081709\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u80e4\u799b\u664b\u5c01\u548c\u7855\u96cd\u4eb2\u738b\uff0c\u5e9c\u90b8\u66f4\u540d\u201c\u96cd\u4eb2\u738b\u5e9c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5eb7\u719950\u5e74\uff081711\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u80e4\u799b\u7b2c\u56db\u5b50\u5f18\u5386\uff08\u5373\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\uff09\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u5e9c\u4e2d\u4e1c\u4e66\u9662\u201c\u5982\u610f\u5ba4\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u81ea\u6e05\u671d\u5efa\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5386\u4ee3\u7687\u5e1d\u7686\u91cd\u89c6\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\uff0c\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u5c24\u4e3a\u63a8\u5d07\u7b2c2\u4e16\u7ae0\u5609\u547c\u56fe\u514b\u56fe\uff08\u0f63\u0f95\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f90\u0fb1\u0f0b\u0f44\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f56\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f56\u0fb3\u0f7c\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f5f\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f46\u0f7c\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f63\u0fa1\u0f53\u0f0b\uff0c1642~1714\uff09\uff0c\u5e38\u8fce\u8bf7\u4ed6\u5165\u5bab\u4e3a\u540e\u5bab\u5ad4\u5983\u8bb2\u7ecf\u704c\u9876\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u80e4\u799b\u5e76\u975e\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d\u6700\u53d7\u5ba0\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6f5c\u5fc3\u7814\u4e60\u4f5b\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7236\u7687\u5bf9\u7b2c2\u4e16\u7ae0\u5609\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u9042\u4e3b\u52a8\u7ed3\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u540e\u4fbf\u5f97\u5230\u7b2c2\u4e16\u7ae0\u5609\u4e3a\u4ed6\u704c\u9876\u4f20\u6cd5\u3002\u636e\u53f2\u6599\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u5eb7\u719951\u5e74\u3001\u5eb7\u719952\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u96cd\u4eb2\u738b\u5e9c\u66fe\u4e3e\u529e\u4e24\u6b21\u76db\u5927\u7684\u6cd5\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u96cd\u6b63\u5143\u5e74\uff081723\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u80e4\u799b\u5373\u4f4d\u4e3a\u96cd\u6b63\u5e1d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u96cd\u6b633\u5e74\uff081725\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u96cd\u6b63\u5e1d\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c06\u201c\u96cd\u4eb2\u738b\u5e9c\u201d\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u201d\u3002\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u6539\u4e3a\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u4e0a\u9662\uff0c\u540e\u534a\u90e8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u884c\u5bab\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u96cd\u6b6313\u5e74\uff081735\u5e74\uff09\u519c\u5386\u516b\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u65e5\uff0c58\u5c81\u7684\u96cd\u6b63\u5e1d\u5728\u5706\u660e\u56ed\u9aa4\u7136\u9a7e\u5d29\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u5b50\u5f18\u5386\u5373\u4f4d\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u3002\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u968f\u5373\u7740\u624b\u5904\u7406\u96cd\u6b63\u7684\u4e27\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u5185\u52a1\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u5949\u65e8\u524d\u5f80\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\uff08\u4eca\u5317\u65b0\u6865\u9644\u8fd1\uff09\uff0c\u4f20\u8fbe\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u7684\u65e8\u610f\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5341\u4e94\u65e5\u5185\u5c06\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5bab\u6bbf\u5c4b\u9876\u7684\u7eff\u8272\u7409\u7483\u74e6\u66f4\u6362\u4e3a\u9ec4\u8272\u7409\u7483\u74e6\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u96cd\u6b63\u7684\u6893\u5bab\u505c\u7075\u4e8e\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4eca\u6c38\u4f51\u6bbf\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e7e\u96862\u5e74\uff081737\u5e74\uff09\u8fc1\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u636e\u300a\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u7891\u8bb0\u300b\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff1a\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u4e3a\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u96cd\u6b63\u5e1d\u7684\u7f05\u6000\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u796d\u5960\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u628a\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u6539\u4e3a\u5587\u561b\u5e99\uff0c\u5e76\u9009\u9ad8\u884c\u68b5\u50e7\u9a7b\u9521\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4e7e\u96869\u5e74\uff081744\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u4e0b\u8bcf\u5c06\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u6539\u4e3a\u5587\u561b\u5bfa\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e\u6b21\u5e74\uff081745\u5e74\uff09\u4e3a\u4f5b\u50cf\u4e3e\u884c\u5f00\u5149\u4eea\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u6b63\u5f0f\u6539\u4e3a\u7687\u5bb6\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u5bfa\u9662\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u91cf\u6765\u81ea\u8499\u85cf\u5730\u533a\u7684\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u50e7\u4eba\u7684\u9a7b\u9521\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u638c\u7ba1\u5168\u56fd\u5587\u561b\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4e7e\u968645\u5e74\uff081780\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u4e3a\u8fce\u8bf7\u7b2c6\u4e16\u73ed\u7985\u5587\u561b\uff0c\u4fee\u5efa\u4e86\u6212\u53f0\u697c\u3002\u697c\u5185\u8bbe\u6709\u4e09\u5c42\u6c49\u767d\u7389\u96d5\u780c\u7684\u6212\u53f0\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u7684\u6b32\u754c\u3001\u8272\u754c\u4e0e\u65e0\u8272\u754c\u3002\u53f0\u5e2e\u96d5\u6709113\u4e2a\u77f3\u9f9b\uff0c\u5185\u4f9b\u6728\u96d5\u5929\u795e\u50cf\u3002\u6212\u53f0\u9876\u5c42\u6b63\u4e2d\u8bbe\u6709\u6728\u96d5\u5b9d\u5ea7\uff0c\u524d\u7f6e\u7ee3\u82b1\u56f4\u5c4f\uff0c\u5b9d\u5ea7\u4e0a\u94fa\u8bbe\u9ec4\u7f0e\u9760\u57ab\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u552a\u7ecf\u6301\u6212\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u7b2c6\u4e16\u73ed\u7985\u5728\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u7b49\u5bfa\u9662\u7684300\u591a\u540d\u50e7\u4eba\u6388\u6212\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c7\u4e16\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\uff08\u0f56\u0f66\u0f90\u0f63\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f5f\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f92\u0fb1\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f5a\u0f7c\u0f0b\uff0c1708~1757\uff09\u4e3a\u5e86\u8d3a\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u6539\u4e3a\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u5bfa\u9662\uff0c\u7279\u547d\u4eba\u7ed8\u5236\u300a\u5982\u610f\u5b9d\u6811\u4f5b\u672c\u751f\u8bb0\u300b\u5510\u5361\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9996\u5e45\u5510\u5361\u540e\u4eb2\u9898\u8d3a\u8bcd\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u5ef7\u4e0e\u897f\u85cf\u3001\u9752\u6d77\u7b49\u5730\u7684\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u5f80\u6765\u6108\u52a0\u5bc6\u5207\u3002\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u501f\u6b64\u4e3e\u63aa\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5de9\u56fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u7b49\u5730\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4ecd\u4e3a\u5317\u4eac\u9999\u706b\u6700\u76db\u7684\u5bfa\u9662\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u81ea\u4e7e\u968657\u5e74\uff081792\u5e74\uff09\u91d1\u74f6\u63a3\u7b7e\u5236\u5ea6\u786e\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u6210\u4e3a\u6e05\u671d\u5ef7\u5bf9\u8499\u85cf\u5730\u533a\u5587\u561b\u8f6c\u4e16\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u6539\u4e3a\u5bfa\u9662\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u7ba1\u7406\u5206\u4e3a\u884c\u653f\u4e8b\u52a1\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6e05\u671d\u76f4\u5c5e\u7684\u7687\u5bb6\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u5bfa\u9662\uff0c\u7687\u5e1d\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u6d3e\u4eb2\u738b\u6216\u90e1\u738b\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bfa\u9662\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u59d4\u6258\u5185\u52a1\u5e9c\u4e0e\u7406\u85e9\u9662\u5177\u4f53\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u7531\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u603b\u582a\u5e03\u5587\u561b\u201d\u62c5\u4efb\u6700\u9ad8\u50e7\u804c\uff0c\u8be5\u804c\u4f4d\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u6765\u81ea\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u5587\u561b\u62c5\u4efb\uff0c\u5730\u4f4d\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u624e\u8428\u514b\u5927\u5587\u561b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u81ea1936\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\u6700\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\u7531\u201c\u582a\u5e03\u201d\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u4f4f\u6301\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1929\u5e74\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u66fe\u53d1\u751f\u9488\u5bf9\u6c11\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5185\u4e71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1957\u5e74\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u5165\u9009\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u6587\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1961\u5e74\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u5217\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u5168\u56fd\u91cd\u70b9\u6587\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u5173\u95ed\u957f\u8fbe32\u5e74\u3002\u4f20\u95fb\u56e0\u5468\u6069\u6765\u603b\u7406\u7684\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u52a8\u8361\u65f6\u671f\u5e78\u514d\u4e8e\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1981\u5e74\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u91cd\u65b0\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e00\u5ea7\u4ecd\u5728\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u5bfa\u9662\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1983\u5e74\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u88ab\u9009\u5b9a\u6c49\u5730\u5730\u533a\u4f5b\u6559\u5168\u56fd\u91cd\u70b9\u5bfa\u9662\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u5bfa\u9662\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u627f\u88ad\u4e86\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4eea\u8f68\u4e0e\u6cd5\u821e\u4f20\u627f\u3002\u81ea\u6539\u4e3a\u5587\u561b\u5e99\u540e\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4fbf\u5f15\u5165\u7f8c\u59c6\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u89c1\u4e8e1746\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u5728\u63a5\u5f85\u51c6\u5676\u5c14\u4f7f\u8282\u7684\u5bb4\u4f1a\u4e0a\u9996\u6b21\u5b89\u6392\u7f8c\u59c6\u8868\u6f14\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u7f8c\u59c6\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u6253\u9b3c\uff09\u6bcf\u5e74\u519c\u5386\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u65e5\u53ca\u6b63\u6708\u521d\u56db\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u81f3\u5149\u7eea\u5e74\u95f4\u6539\u4e3a\u6b63\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u65e5\u81f3\u4e8c\u6708\u521d\u4e00\uff0c\u4e3a\u671f\u516b\u5929\u3002\u540e\u56e0\u5386\u53f2\u52a8\u8361\uff0c\u7f8c\u59c6\u8868\u6f14\u4e00\u5ea6\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u76f4\u52301987\u5e74\u624d\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u96cd\u6b63\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4e2d\u8def\u4e0e\u897f\u8def\u5df2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u4e0a\u9662\uff0c\u7ae0\u5609\u547c\u56fe\u514b\u56fe\u6d3b\u4f5b\u9a7b\u9521\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e7e\u96869\u5e74\uff081744\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u4e0b\u8bcf\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c06\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4e2d\u8def\u4e0e\u4e1c\u8def\u6539\u4e3a\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u5bfa\u5e99\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u6bbf\u5b87\u6539\u4e3a\u4f5b\u6bbf\uff0c\u8d50\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5676\u4e39\u656c\u6070\u6797\u201d\u3002\u4e1c\u8def\u884c\u5bab\u4ecd\u4f9b\u7687\u5ba4\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u540e\u56e0\u5931\u706b\u711a\u6bc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u636e\u300a\u6e05\u4ee3\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u6863\u6848\u53f2\u6599\u300b\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u4e7e\u9686\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u65e5\uff0c\u5185\u52a1\u5e9c\u8859\u95e8\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5927\u81e3\u4e09\u548c\u8981\u62c6\u6bc1\u666f\u5c71\u5185\u4e07\u798f\u9601\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u62c6\u9664\u540e\u7684\u6728\u7816\u74e6\u77f3\u8fd0\u81f3\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u666f\u5c71\u5317\u5899\u66fe\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e00\u5927\u95e8\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fd0\u9001\u7269\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u6cbf\u5357\u5317\u4e2d\u8f74\u7ebf\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u4e2d\u8f74\u7ebf\u6700\u5357\u7aef\u8bbe\u6709\u6b63\u95e8\u7167\u53f0\u95e8\uff0c\u95e8\u524d\u5efa\u6709\u4e09\u5ea7\u724c\u574a\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u6709\u4e13\u4f9b\u7687\u5e1d\u4e58\u8206\u901a\u884c\u7684\u8f87\u9053\u3002\u6cbf\u4e2d\u8f74\u7ebf\u4f9d\u6b21\u5206\u5e03\u4e94\u5927\u4e3b\u8981\u6bbf\u5802\uff0c\u7531\u5ead\u9662\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\uff1a\u96cd\u548c\u95e8\u6bbf\uff08\u539f\u7167\u53f0\u95e8\u6bbf\uff09\u3001\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\uff08\u5927\u6bbf\uff09\u3001\u6c38\u4f51\u6bbf\u3001Fa\u8f6e\u6bbf\u3001\u4e07\u798f\u9601\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u724c\u697c<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4e2d\u8def\u5357\u7aef\u5165\u53e3\u5904\uff0c\u5171\u4e09\u5ea7\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u724c\u697c\u4e3a\u4e09\u95f4\u56db\u67f1\u4e5d\u697c\uff0c\u9898\u989d\u201c\u5bf0\u6d77\u5c0a\u4eb2\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7fa4\u751f\u4ec1\u5bff\u201d\uff0c\u5357\u4fa7\u8bbe\u5f71\u58c1\u3002\u4e24\u4fa7\u724c\u697c\u4e3a\u4e09\u95f4\u56db\u67f1\u4e03\u697c\u3002\u697c\u67f1\u539f\u4e3a\u91d1\u4e1d\u6960\u6728\uff0c\u6297\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u65e5\u519b\u5360\u9886\u65f6\u6539\u4e3a\u6c34\u6ce5\u67f1\u3002\u724c\u697c\u5317\u4e3a\u8f87\u9053\uff0c\u76f4\u901a\u662d\u6cf0\u95e8\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u662d\u6cf0\u95e8<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u7409\u7483\u968f\u5899\u95e8\uff0c\u9762\u9614\u4e09\u95f4\u3002\u95e8\u5185\u8bbe\u6709\u4e24\u5ea7\u7891\u4ead\u53ca\u949f\u9f13\u697c\u3002\u4e1c\u897f\u4e24\u4fa7\u4e3a\u963f\u65af\u95e8\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u6e05\u4ee3\u738b\u5e9c\u89c4\u5236\u3002\u9f13\u697c\u65c1\u8bbe\u6709\u71ac\u5236\u814a\u516b\u7ca5\u7684\u5927\u94dc\u9505\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u519c\u5386\u814a\u6708\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u6b64\u65bd\u7ca5\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u96cd\u548c\u95e8\u6bbf<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6700\u5357\u7aef\uff0c\u539f\u4e3a\u96cd\u4eb2\u738b\u5e9c\u6b63\u95e8\uff0c\u540e\u6539\u4e3a\u5929\u738b\u6bbf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5929\u738b\u6bbf<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u662d\u6cf0\u95e8\u5185\uff0c\u4e3a\u5355\u6a90\u6b47\u5c71\u9876\u5efa\u7b51\u3002\u539f\u4e3a\u96cd\u738b\u5e9c\u6b63\u95e8\uff0c\u540e\u6539\u4e3a\u4f5b\u6bbf\uff0c\u6bbf\u5185\u4f9b\u5949\u5f25\u52d2\u4f5b\uff0c\u5de6\u53f3\u4e3a\u56db\u5927\u5929\u738b\u4e0e\u97e6\u9640\u3002\u6bbf\u524d\u8bbe\u4e24\u5ea7\u7891\u4ead\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5b58\u653e\u300a\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u7891\u8bb0\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u5587\u561b\u8bf4\u7891\u300b\uff0c\u7891\u6587\u5747\u4ee5\u6c49\u3001\u6ee1\u3001\u8499\u3001\u85cf\u56db\u79cd\u6587\u5b57\u4e66\u5199\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u5b8c\u597d\u3002\u6bbf\u540e\u9662\u5185\u8bbe\u94dc\u9f0e\u3001\u5fa1\u7891\u4ead\u3001\u94dc\u987b\u5f25\u5c71\u3001\u561b\u5462\u6746\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u6b63\u6bbf<\/strong>\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\uff09\uff1a\u5168\u5bfa\u4e3b\u6bbf\uff0c\u539f\u4e3a\u96cd\u738b\u5e9c\u94f6\u5b89\u6bbf\u3002\u4e3a\u4e03\u95f4\u4e94\u8fdb\u3001\u91cd\u6a90\u6b47\u5c71\u9876\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u6bbf\u524d\u8bbe\u6708\u53f0\u3002\u6bbf\u5185\u4f9b\u5949\u4e09\u4e16\u4f5b\uff1a\u71c3\u706f\u4f5b\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u3001\u91ca\u8fe6\u4f5b\uff08\u4e2d\uff09\u3001\u5f25\u52d2\u4f5b\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u3002\u4e1c\u5317\u89d2\u4f9b\u89c2\u4e16\u97f3\u7acb\u50cf\uff0c\u897f\u5317\u89d2\u4f9b\u5f25\u52d2\u7acb\u50cf\uff0c\u6bbf\u5185\u4e24\u4fa7\u6392\u5217\u5341\u516b\u7f57\u6c49\uff0c\u5899\u4e0a\u7ed8\u6709\u89c2\u4e16\u97f3\u83e9\u8428\u50cf\u3002\u6bbf\u5916\u9662\u843d\u8bbe\u56db\u5ea7\u4e1c\u897f\u914d\u6bbf\uff0c\u79f0\u201c\u56db\u5b66\u6bbf\u201d\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u8bb2\u7ecf\u6bbf\u3001\u5bc6\u5b97\u6bbf\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u6bbf\u3001\u836f\u5e08\u6bbf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u6c38\u4f51\u6bbf\uff1a<\/strong>\u5f62\u5236\u4e0e\u5929\u738b\u6bbf\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u539f\u4e3a\u96cd\u4eb2\u738b\u7684\u5bdd\u5bab\uff0c\u96cd\u6b63\u5e1d\u9a7e\u5d29\u540e\uff0c\u6893\u5bab\u66fe\u505c\u7075\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u73b0\u6bbf\u5185\u4f9b\u5949\u65e0\u91cf\u5bff\u4f5b\u3001\u836f\u5e08\u4f5b\u548c\u72ee\u543c\u4f5b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fa\u8f6e\u6bbf<\/strong>\uff1a\u539f\u4e3a\u96cd\u738b\u5e9c\u5bdd\u6bbf\uff0c\u5e03\u5c40\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7d2b\u7981\u57ce\u5764\u5b81\u5bab\u548c\u6c88\u9633\u6545\u5bab\u6e05\u5b81\u5bab\uff0c\u4e1c\u90e8\u4e3a\u5c45\u4f4f\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u897f\u90e8\u4e3a\u8428\u6ee1\u6559\u4f5b\u5802\u3002\u4e7e\u9686\u65f6\u671f\u6539\u5efa\u4e3a\u5341\u5b57\u5f62\uff0c\u9762\u9614\u4e03\u95f4\uff0c\u524d\u540e\u5404\u51fa\u4e94\u95f4\u62b1\u53a6\uff0c\u6bbf\u9876\u8bbe\u4e94\u5ea7\u5c0f\u9601\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u987b\u5f25\u5c71\u4e94\u5cf0\u3002\u6bbf\u5185\u6b63\u4e2d\u4f9b\u5949\u683c\u9c81\u6d3e\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u5b97\u5580\u5df4\u5927\u5e08\u94dc\u50cf\uff0c\u4e24\u4fa7\u8bbe\u6728\u8d28\u8bb2\u7ecf\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1954\u5e74\uff0c\u683c\u9c81\u6d3e\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f20\u627f\u6d3b\u4f5b\u5728\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u8bb2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u5b97\u5580\u5df4\u50cf\u80cc\u540e\u8bbe\u6728\u96d5\u4e94\u767e\u7f57\u6c49\u5c71\uff0c\u9ad8\u8fd15\u7c73\uff0c\u957f3.5\u7c73\uff0c\u539a30\u5398\u7c73\uff0c\u4ee5\u7d2b\u6a80\u6728\u96d5\u9542\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u5c71\u4e0a\u5b89\u7f6e\u4e94\u767e\u5c0a\u91d1\u3001\u94f6\u3001\u94dc\u3001\u94c1\u3001\u9521\u94f8\u9020\u7684\u7f57\u6c49\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e94\u767e\u7f57\u6c49\u5c71\u524d\u7f6e\u6709\u4e00\u91d1\u4e1d\u6960\u6728\u96d5\u6210\u7684\u6728\u76c6\u2014\u2014\u201c\u6d17\u4e09\u76c6\u201d\uff08\u9c7c\u9f99\u53d8\u5316\u76c6\uff09\uff0c\u76f8\u4f20\u5f18\u5386\u5728\u51fa\u751f\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u5929\u66fe\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76c6\u91cc\u6c90\u6d74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4e07\u798f\u9601<\/strong>\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u65e0\u91cf\u798f\u6bbf\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8eFa\u8f6e\u6bbf\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u4e3a\u96cd\u738b\u5e9c\u540e\u7f69\u697c\u3002\u697c\u9ad8\u4e09\u5c42\uff0c\u4e03\u95f4\u4e94\u8fdb\uff0c\u91cd\u6a90\u6b47\u5c71\u9876\uff0c\u5de6\u53f3\u4e24\u4fa7\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u6c38\u5eb7\u9601\u548c\u5ef6\u7ee5\u9601\u3002\u4e09\u5ea7\u697c\u9601\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u98de\u9601\u590d\u9053\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u5b9b\u5982\u4ed9\u5bab\u697c\u9619\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u5510\u81f3\u8fbd\u91d1\u65f6\u671f\u4f5b\u6559\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u5178\u578b\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u5b58\u53e4\u5efa\u7b51\u4e2d\u4ec5\u5b58\u98de\u9601\u590d\u9053\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4e07\u798f\u9601\u5185\u4f9b\u5949\u4e00\u5c0a\u5f25\u52d2\u4f5b\u7ad9\u50cf\uff0c\u9ad818\u7c73\u3001\u5bbd8\u7c73\uff0c\u4f5b\u50cf\u4e3b\u4f53\u7531\u6574\u6839\u767d\u6a80\u6728\u96d5\u523b\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u96d5\u523b\u540e\u7684\u603b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u523026\u7c73\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d8\u7c73\u57cb\u5165\u5730\u4e0b\uff0c\u5730\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a18\u7c73\u3002\u6b64\u50cf\u662f\u7b2c7\u4e16\u8fbe\u8d56\u5587\u561b\u8fdb\u8d21\uff0c\u5386\u65f63\u5e74\uff0c\u4ece\u897f\u85cf\u8fd0\u62b5\u5317\u4eac\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1993\u5e74\uff0c\u4e07\u798f\u9601\u7684\u5f25\u52d2\u4f5b\u50cf\u88ab\u300a\u5409\u5c3c\u65af\u4e16\u754c\u8bb0\u5f55\u300b\u6536\u5f55\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4e09\u9879\u88ab\u7eaa\u5f55\u7684\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u963f\u5609\u4ed3<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u662d\u6cf0\u95e8\u5916\uff0c\u8f87\u9053\u4e24\u4fa7\uff0c\u662f\u5386\u4ee3\u6d3b\u4f5b\u7684\u4f5b\u4ed3\uff08\u5373\u4f4f\u6240\uff09\u3002\u897f\u4fa7\u6709\u4e09\u5ea7\u4f5b\u4ed3\uff0c\u81ea\u5357\u5411\u5317\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a\u6d1e\u9614\u5c14\u547c\u56fe\u514b\u56fe\u4f5b\u4ed3\u3001\u8428\u6728\u8428\u547c\u56fe\u514b\u56fe\u4f5b\u4ed3\u548c\u8bfa\u95e8\u7f55\u547c\u56fe\u514b\u56fe\u4f5b\u4ed3\uff1b\u4e1c\u4fa7\u6709\u4e00\u5ea7\u4f5b\u4ed3\uff0c\u5373\u963f\u5609\u547c\u56fe\u514b\u56fe\u4f5b\u4ed3\u3002\u4e2d\u8def\u4e1c\u4fa7\u8fd8\u8bbe\u6709\u4e09\u5ea7\u4f5b\u4ed3\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u571f\u89c2\u547c\u56fe\u514b\u56fe\u4f5b\u4ed3\u3001\u6d4e\u9686\u547c\u56fe\u514b\u56fe\u4f5b\u548c\u679c\u87d2\u547c\u56fe\u514b\u56fe\u4f5b\u4ed3\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4e07\u798f\u9601\u4e1c\u53a2\u7684\u94dc\u94f8\u7167\u4f5b<\/strong>\u3001Fa\u8f6e\u6bbf\u5185\u7684\u7d2b\u6a80\u6728\u96d5\u4e94\u767e\u7f57\u6c49\u5c71<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e07\u798f\u9601\u5185\u7684\u767d\u6a80\u9999\u6728\u96d5\u523b\u5f25\u52d2\u4f5b\u50cf<\/strong>\uff0c\u88ab\u5408\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4e09\u5b9d<\/strong>\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1995\u5e74\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u88ab\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u6587\u7269\u5c40\u767b\u8bb0\u6ce8\u518c\u4e3a\u201c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u827a\u672f\u535a\u7269\u9986\u201d\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u957f\u671f\u5c55\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u5c55\u89c8\uff1a\u5728\u6212\u53f0\u697c\u5185\u5c55\u51fa\u300a\u4e7e\u9686\u7687\u5e1d\u4e0e\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u300b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4f5b\u50cf\u3001\u6cd5\u5668\u3001\u671d\u670d\u3001\u5510\u5361\u3001\u91d1\u5954\u5df4\u74f6\u7b49\uff1b\u5728\u73ed\u7985\u697c\u5185\u5c55\u51fa\u300a\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u4e0e\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u300b\uff0c\u5c55\u54c1\u5305\u62ec\u4f5b\u50cf\u3001\u6cd5\u5668\u3001\u670d\u9970\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4e50\u5668\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4e8b\u52a1\u5927\u81e3<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6e05\u671d\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u7531\u6e05\u671d\u5ef7\u76f4\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u7687\u5e1d\u4f1a\u6307\u6d3e\u5b97\u5ba4\u738b\u516c\u62c5\u4efb\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4e8b\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4e8b\u52a1\u5219\u7531\u7406\u85e9\u9662\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ba1\u7406\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4e8b\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\u7f3a\u804c\uff0c\u7406\u85e9\u9662\u7684\u5c1a\u4e66\u548c\u5de6\u53f3\u4f8d\u90ce\u4f1a\u8054\u5408\u5448\u62a5\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u9009\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u7531\u7687\u5e1d\u7b80\u6d3e\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4e8b\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\u4e0b\u8bbe\u6709\u201c\u603b\u7406\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4e1c\u4e66\u9662\u540e\u4f5b\u697c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\u201d\uff08\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u603b\u7406\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u5927\u81e3\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u738b\u516c\u6216\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u54c1\u7684\u6587\u6b66\u5b98\u5458\u62c5\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8499\u85cf\u9662\u517c\u9886\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4e8b\u52a1\u5458<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

1914\u5e74\uff0c\u5317\u6d0b\u653f\u5e9c\u8499\u85cf\u9662\u9881\u5e03\u300a\u7ba1\u7406\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u529e\u4e8b\u7ec6\u5219\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1917\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u8499\u85cf\u9662\u53c8\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u7ba1\u7406\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u529e\u4e8b\u89c4\u5219\u300b\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u7531\u8499\u85cf\u9662\u517c\u9886\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4e8b\u52a1\u5458\u4f1a\u540c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u7684\u5f97\u6728\u9f50\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u8499\u85cf\u9662\u517c\u9886\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4e8b\u52a1\u5458\u79c9\u627f\u8499\u85cf\u9662\u957f\u5b98\u7ba1\u7406\u8be5\u5e99\u5168\u4f53\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8be5\u5e99\u4f8b\u5e94\u5448\u62a5\u5587\u561b\u5370\u52a1\u5904\u7684\u4e8b\u9879\uff0c\u4ecd\u7531\u8be5\u5e99\u5587\u561b\u7167\u5e38\u529e\u7406\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5317\u4f10\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\u8499\u85cf\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u9881\u5e03\u300a\u7ba1\u7406\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u89c4\u5219\u300b\uff0c\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u7531\u4fd7\u4eba\u7ba1\u7406\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u884c\u653f\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u6539\u7531\u50e7\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u7ba1\u7406\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7531\u56db\u540d\u5e38\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\uff08\u5373\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u7684\u56db\u4f4d\u5f97\u6728\u9f50\uff09\u548c\u516b\u540d\u59d4\u5458\uff08\u7531\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u50e7\u4eba\u63a8\u4e3e\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u65e5\u5e38\u4e8b\u52a1\u7531\u5e38\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1930\u5e74\u5728\u4efb\u7684\u5e38\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4e3a\uff1a\u4f2f\u4e91\u548c\u4ec0\u514b\u3001\u56fe\u5e03\u4e39\u591a\u5c14\u5409\u3001\u96c5\u5c14\u624e\u5e03\u3001\u4e4c\u5c14\u5409\u56fe\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u7ba1\u7406\u5904\u4e3a\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u6c11\u65cf\u4e8b\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\u5c40\uff09\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684\u81ea\u6536\u81ea\u652f\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5386\u4efb\u7ba1\u7406\u5904\u4e3b\u4efb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u59d3\u540d<\/td>\u51fa\u4efb<\/td>\u5230\u4efb<\/td><\/tr>
\uff1f<\/td>\uff1f<\/td>1992\u5e74<\/td><\/tr>
\u5e38\u5c11\u5982<\/td>1992\u5e74<\/td>\uff1f<\/td><\/tr>
\u9c8d\u6d2a\u98de<\/td>2001<\/td>2017.3.24<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u603b\u7ba1\u9a7b\u4eac\u5587\u561b\u5370\u52a1\u5904\u638c\u5370\u624e\u8428\u514b\u8fbe\u5587\u561b<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u6e05\u671d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8bbe\u6709\u201c\u603b\u7ba1\u9a7b\u4eac\u5587\u561b\u5370\u52a1\u5904\u201d\uff0c\u7531\u6b63\u3001\u526f\u638c\u5370\u624e\u8428\u514b\u8fbe\u5587\u561b\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u4eac\u57ce\u3001\u4e1c\u9675\u3001\u897f\u9675\u3001\u70ed\u6cb3\u3001\u4e94\u53f0\u5c71\u7684\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u5bfa\u9662\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eac\u57ce\u7684\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\uff0c\u5e76\u8d1f\u8d23\u63a5\u5f85\u6765\u4eac\u7684\u5587\u561b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

1929\u5e74\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\u8499\u85cf\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5c06\u6e05\u671d\u9057\u7559\u7684\u3001\u4f4d\u4e8e\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u5317\u5927\u95e8\u7684\u603b\u7ba1\u9a7b\u4eac\u5587\u561b\u5370\u52a1\u5904\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u5317\u5e73\u5587\u561b\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1931\u5e7410\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u5317\u5e73\u5587\u561b\u751f\u8ba1\u5904\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1932\u5e7410\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u5317\u5e73\u5587\u561b\u5bfa\u5e99\u6574\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u5317\u5e73\u3001\u70ed\u6cb3\u7b49\u5730\u7684\u5587\u561b\u5bfa\u5e99\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u540e<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

1950\u5e744\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5185\u52a1\u90e8\u5728\u8bad\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u524d\u5317\u5e73\u5587\u561b\u5bfa\u5e99\u6574\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e3a\u538b\u8feb\u8499\u85cf\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u7edf\u6cbb\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u4f1a\u7edf\u6cbb\u7279\u6743\u5fc5\u987b\u53d6\u6d88\u3002\u73b0\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u5bfa\u5e99\u8d22\u4ea7\u3001\u5587\u561b\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ea4\u7531\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1950\u5e746\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u53ec\u5f00\u5404\u5587\u561b\u5bfa\u5e99\u5587\u561b\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e00\u81f4\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u201c\u5317\u5e73\u5587\u561b\u5bfa\u5e99\u6574\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u6539\u7ec4\u4e3a\u201c\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u5587\u561b\u5bfa\u5e99\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1958\u5e7410\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u6c11\u653f\u5c40\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u5587\u561b\u5bfa\u5e99\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u5587\u561b\u5bfa\u5e99\u7ba1\u7406\u7ec4\u201d\uff1b\u540e\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u88ab\u64a4\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5386\u4efb\u638c\u5370\u624e\u8428\u514b\u5587\u561b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u59d3\u540d<\/td>\u804c\u4f4d<\/td>\u51fa\u4efb<\/td>\u5230\u4efb<\/td><\/tr>
\u7ae0\u5609\u00b7\u7f57\u6851\u822c\u6bbf\u4e39\u6bd5\u84c9\u6885<\/td>\u5317\u5e73\u5587\u561b\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u5904\u957f<\/td>1929\u5e74<\/td>1931\u5e74<\/td><\/tr>
 \uff1f<\/td>\u5317\u5e73\u5587\u561b\u751f\u8ba1\u5904\u5904\u957f<\/td>1931\u5e74<\/td>1932\u5e74<\/td><\/tr>
 \uff1f<\/td>\u5317\u5e73\u5587\u561b\u5bfa\u5e99\u6574\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb\u59d4\u5458<\/td>1932\u5e74<\/td>\uff1f<\/td><\/tr>
\u4e39\u5df4\u8fbe\u624e<\/td>\u5317\u5e73\u5587\u561b\u5bfa\u5e99\u6574\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb\u59d4\u5458<\/td>1942\u5e74<\/td>\uff1f<\/td><\/tr>
\u4f0a\u4ec0\u5676\u74e6<\/td>\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u5587\u561b\u5bfa\u5e99\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb<\/td>1950\u5e746\u6708<\/td>1956\u5e74<\/td><\/tr>
\u5676\u62c9\u85cf<\/td>\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u5587\u561b\u5bfa\u5e99\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb<\/td>1956\u5e74<\/td>1958\u5e74<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u6e05\u671d\u8bbe\u7acb\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u624e\u8428\u514b\u5587\u561b\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u5176\u4e4b\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u603b\u582a\u5e03\u5587\u561b\u201d\uff08\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u603b\u582a\u5e03\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u9a7b\u4eac\u547c\u56fe\u514b\u56fe\u62c5\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u300a\u94a6\u5b9a\u7406\u85e9\u90e8\u5219\u4f8b\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u4eac\u57ce\u5404\u5e99\u989d\u8bbe\u638c\u5370\u672d\u8428\u514b\u8fbe\u5587\u561b\u4e00\u7f3a\uff0c\u526f\u672d\u8428\u514b\u8fbe\u5587\u561b\u4e00\u7f3a\uff0c\u672d\u8428\u514b\u5587\u561b\u56db\u7f3a\u2026\u2026\u201d\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u624e\u8428\u514b\u5587\u561b\u56db\u7f3a\u5185\uff0c\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4e13\u8bbe\u4e00\u7f3a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6e05\u671d\u5ef7\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u624e\u8428\u514b\u5587\u561b\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u201c\u4eac\u57ce\u989d\u8bbe\u624e\u8428\u514b\u5587\u561b\u56db\u7f3a\u3002\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u624e\u8428\u514b\u5587\u561b\u4e00\u7f3a\uff0c\u6709\u5750\u5e8a\u6559\u4e60\u4f17\u5587\u561b\u7ecf\u5377\u4e4b\u8d23\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5510\u53e4\u5fd2\uff08\u85cf\u533a\uff09\u4e13\u7f3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u547c\u56fe\u514b\u56fe\u3001\u582a\u5e03\u5145\u4efb\u3002\u201d\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u624e\u8428\u514b\u5587\u561b\u5728\u7406\u85e9\u9662\u4e0b\u8bbe\u7684\u5587\u561b\u5370\u52a1\u5904\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8d1f\u8d23\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5386\u4efb\u603b\u582a\u5e03\u5587\u561b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u59d3\u540d<\/td>\u51fa\u4efb<\/td>\u5230\u4efb<\/td><\/tr>
\u6c5f\u8d5e\u6851\u5e03<\/td>1908\u5e74<\/td>1914\u5e74<\/td><\/tr>
 \u7a7a\u7f3a\u671f<\/td>1914\u5e74<\/td>1918\u5e74<\/td><\/tr>
\u7f57\u6851\u7b56\u6bbf\uff08\u7f57\u6851\u7b56\u57ab\uff09\uff0c1918\u5e749\u6708\u7531\u62c9\u8428\u4e09\u5927\u5bfa\u59d4\u6d3e<\/td>1919\u5e742\u6708\u5230\u4efb<\/td>1923\u5e748\u6708<\/td><\/tr>
\u68cd\u5374\u4ef2\u5c3c\uff08\u8d21\u89c9\u4ef2\u5c3c\uff09\uff0c1923\u5e748\u6708\u7531\u62c9\u8428\u4e09\u5927\u5bfa\u59d4\u6d3e<\/td>1924\u5e74\u5230\u4efb<\/td>1935\u5e74<\/td><\/tr>
\u4e39\u5df4\u8fbe\u624e\uff0c1935\u5e74\u7531\u62c9\u8428\u4e09\u5927\u5bfa\u59d4\u6d3e<\/td>1936\u5e74\u5230\u4efb<\/td>\uff1f<\/td><\/tr>
\u7a7a\u7f3a\u671f<\/td>\uff1f<\/td>1950\u5e74<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5386\u4efb\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4f4f\u6301<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u59d3\u540d<\/td>\u51fa\u4efb<\/td>\u5230\u4efb<\/td><\/tr>
\u4f0a\u4ec0\u5676\u74e6<\/td>1950\u5e746\u6708<\/td>1956\u5e749\u6708<\/td><\/tr>
\u5676\u62c9\u85cf\uff081956\u5e741\u6708\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u534f\u4f1a\u4efb\u547d\uff09<\/td>1956\u5e749\u6708<\/td>1965\u5e748\u6708<\/td><\/tr>
\u7a7a\u7f3a\u671f<\/td>1965\u5e748\u6708<\/td>1984\u5e747\u6708<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u5e99\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4f4f\u6301\u5587\u561b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u59d3\u540d<\/td>\u51fa\u4efb<\/td>\u5230\u4efb<\/td><\/tr>
\u7a7a\u7f3a\u671f<\/td>1984\u5e747\u6708<\/td>1987\u5e74<\/td><\/tr>
\u4f2f\u4e91\u4e4c\u529b\u5409\uff08\u9ad8\u5168\u5bff\uff09<\/td>1987\u5e74<\/td>1988\u5e742\u6708<\/td><\/tr>
\u4f2f\u4e91\u4e4c\u529b\u5409\uff08\u9ad8\u5168\u5bff\uff09<\/td>1988\u5e742\u6708<\/td>1993\u5e7410\u6708<\/td><\/tr>
\u5609\u6728\u626c\u00b7\u56fe\u5e03\u4e39<\/td>1993\u5e7410\u6708<\/td>2010\u5e741\u6708<\/td><\/tr>
\u7f57\u5e03\u6851\u00b7\u6563\u6728\u4e39\uff08\u80e1\u96ea\u5cf0\uff09<\/td>2010\u5e741\u6708<\/td>\u81f3\u4eca<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5317\u4eac\u4e1c\u57ce\u533a\uff0c\u7d27\u90bb\u4e8c\u73af\u4e1c\u5317\u89d2\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u6545\u5bab\u7ea65\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u6b65\u884c\u7ea61\u5c0f\u65f6\u53ef\u8fbe\u3002\u5317\u4eac\u5730\u94c12\u53f7\u7ebf\u30015\u53f7\u7ebf\u5747\u8bbe\u6709\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u7ad9\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u591a\u6761\u516c\u4ea4\u8def\u7ebf\u53ef\u8fbe\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\uff0c\u85cf\u6587\u0f51\u0f42\u0f60\u0f0b\u0f63\u0fa1\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f56\u0fb1\u0f72\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f46\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f42\u0fb3\u0f72\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f0d\uff0c\u5a01\u5229\u8f6c\u5199dga’ ldan byin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16825,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":[]},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u96cd\u548c\u5bab\u5c01\u9762.jpg?v=1742195224","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":14973,"url":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/?p=14973","url_meta":{"origin":16784,"position":0},"title":"\u6cbb\u7406\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u2014\u2014\u300a\u94a6\u5b9a\u85cf\u5185\u5584\u540e\u7ae0\u7a0b\u300b","date":"2024\u5e748\u670821\u65e5","format":false,"excerpt":"\u300a\u94a6\u5b9a\u85cf\u5185\u5584\u540e\u7ae0\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u300a\u94a6\u5b9a\u85cf\u5185\u5584\u540e\u7ae0\u7a0b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u6761\u300b\u3001\u300a\u65b0\u8ba2\u897f\u85cf\u7ae0\u7a0b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u6761\u300b\uff0c\u82f1\u658729-Arti\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u5728\u201c\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u201d\u4e2d","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/\u56fa\u59cb\u6c57\u4e94.jpeg?v=1729064421","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":16130,"url":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/?p=16130","url_meta":{"origin":16784,"position":1},"title":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u85cf\u8bed\u7cfb\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4f5b\u5b66\u9662\u2014\u2014\u897f\u9ec4\u5bfa","date":"2024\u5e7411\u670823\u65e5","format":false,"excerpt":"\u6587\u7ae0\u53ea\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7@23\/11\/2024\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u201c\u4e1a\u4f59\u201d\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6e20\u9053\u5747\u4e3a\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u6284\u88ad\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u5728\u201c\u85cf\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u201d\u4e2d","img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/\u4e2d\u56fd\u85cf\u8bed\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b66\u9662.jpg?v=1734947849","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16784"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16784"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16784\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16826,"href":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16784\/revisions\/16826"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/16825"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16784"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16784"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thangka.com.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16784"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}